ENGINE
ENGINE
An engine it’s a device which used to convert energy into mechanical motion ,first engine invented on 1712 it a steam engine power of steam used to produce mechanical work its named as newcomen steam engine which used to pump water from the mines ,for this reason only engine was invented in 18Th century after asper the requirement engine evolved for different requirements different types of engines are originated.
ENGINE CLASSIFICATION
Engines are classified according to different aspects
1. According to types of combustion
2. Types of stroke
3. Types of fuel
4. Types of piston arrangement
According to types of combustion
There are two types of combustion system
1. Internal combustion (IC) Engine
2. External combustion Engine
Internal Combustion engine
In this type of engine the combustion take place inside the engine itself at combustion chamber, combustion take place by the means of fuel and air the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy
External combustion Engine
An external combustion engine (EC engine) is a heat engine where an (internal) working fluid is heated by combustion in an external source, through the engine wall or a heat exchanger. The fluid then, by expanding and acting on the mechanism of the engine, produces motion and usable work
According to stroke type
1. 2 stroke engine
2. 4 stroke engine
2 stroke engine
A two-stroke, two-cycle, or two-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle in only one crankshaft revolution and with two strokes, or up and down movements, of the piston in comparison to a "four-stroke engine", which uses four strokes to do so. This is accomplished by the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happening simultaneously and performing the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions at the same time.Two-stroke engines often provide high power-to-weight ratio, usually in a narrow range of rotational speeds called the "power band", and, compared to 4-stroke engines, have a greatly reduced number of moving parts, are more compact and significantly lighter.
4 stroke Engine
A four-stroke engine (also known as four-cycle) is an internal combustion engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes—intake, compression, power, and exhaust—during two separate revolutions of the engine's crankshaft, and one single thermodynamic cycle
- INTAKE stroke: on the intake or induction stroke of the piston, the piston descends from the top of the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder, increasing the volume of the cylinder. A mixture of fuel and air, or just air in a diesel engine, is forced by atmospheric (or greater) pressure into the cylinder through the intake port. The intake valve(s) then closes. The volume of air/fuel mixture that is drawn into the cylinder, relative to the maximum volume of the cylinder, is called the volumetric efficiency of the engine.
- COMPRESSION stroke: with both intake and exhaust valves closed, the piston returns to the top of the cylinder compressing the air or fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber of the cylinder head. During the compression stroke the temperature of the air or fuel-air mixture rises by several hundred degrees.
- POWER stroke: this is the start of the second revolution of the cycle. While the piston is close to Top Dead Centre, the compressed air–fuel mixture in a gasoline engine is ignited, usually by a spark plug, or fuel is injected into a diesel engine, which ignites due to the heat generated in the air during the compression stroke. The resulting pressure from the combustion of the compressed fuel-air mixture forces the piston back down toward bottom dead centre.
- EXHAUST stroke: during the exhaust stroke, the piston once again returns to top dead centre while the exhaust valve is open. This action expels the spent fuel-air mixture through the exhaust valve(s).
According to fuel type
Different types of fuel used for engine according to that the engines are classified most vast fuels are fossil fuels types of fuel are
1. Petrol engine
2. Diesel engine
3. Hybrid engine
4. Hydrogen engine
5. Pneumatic engine etc
Petrol engine
Petrol is a fossil fuel which is most commonly using fuel most of the bikes ,cars are using petrol as a fuel compare to Diesel petrol id more efficient and less parts is enough for this type of engine and also petrol engine is called as OttO cycle
Diesel Engine
Diesel is used as a fuel in this type of engine ,this kind of engines are used for Heavy vehicle like Trucks etc. compare to petrol the diesel cost also less and more torque value so its used for heavy vehicle but efficiency was less compare to otto engine
Hydrogen engine
A hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle (HICEV) is a type of hydrogen vehicle using an internal combustion engine.[1] Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles are different from hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (which use hydrogen + oxygen rather than hydrogen + air); the hydrogen internal combustion engine is simply a modified version of the traditional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine , The combustion of hydrogen with oxygen produces water as its only product
According to piston Arrangement
1. L type engine/Inline engine
2. V- type engine
3. Rotary engine
L type /Inline engine
The pistons arranged in the line manner 3 or 4 pistons are arranged in a linear manner most of the engines are inline engines
V-type Engine
In this type engine the pistons are arranged in v shape at the engine this type of engines mostly used in sports cars etc…
Rotary Engine
This type engine contains pistons around the crankshat in the circular manner its used in aricraft engines for the purpose of equalt and continous supply of power
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